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In Korean, 'am', 'are', and 'is' have two different meanings. One is '-이다.'/'-아니다.' (to be/to be not) and another one is '-있다.'/'-없다.' (to exist/do not exist).
-이다./-아니다. indicates the equational expression such as "사과는 과일이다." ("Apple is a fruit".) When you speak, -이다. (to be) becomes -이에요./-입니다. (polite speech), or -(이)야. (casual speech). -아니다.(to be not) becomes -아니에요./-아닙니다. (polite speech), or -아니야. (casual speech).
If the noun ends in a vowel, -이에요. becomes -예요. e.g.) "과일이에요." (O) "과일예요."(X). If the noun ends in a consonant, use -이에요. Remember, nouns ALWAYS come before -이다./-아니다. therefore you shouldn't separate -이다./-아니다. from the noun.
1. 사라는 과학자예요.
Sarah is a scientist. (used -예요., because the noun ends in a vowel)
2. 제임스는 영어 선생님이에요.
James is an English teacher. (used -이에요., because the noun ends in a consonant)
For -아니다. you must put the subject particle -이/-가 after the noun. However adding -예요. after 아니- (아니예요) is grammatically WRONG even if the noun ends in a consonant. In this case, use -에요. instead of -예요.
For -이다. (to be), you changed -이다. itself. On the other hand, for -아니다. you do not change itself but -이/가.
1. 리사는 매니저가 아니에요.
Lisa is not a manager. (NOT 아니예요.)
2. 이 가방은 파는 제품이 아니에요.
This bag is not for sale. (NOT 아니예요.)
Why not using -은/는 after a noun for -이다./-아니다.?
Because the meaning will be different. See the following examples.
1. 리사는/가 매니저는 아니에요. (하지만, 직원이에요.)
Lisa is NOT a manager, but an employee.
2. 이 가방은/이 파는 제품은 아니에요. (향수를 사시면 사은품으로 드려요.)
This bag is NOT for sale. (We) give you as a gift if you purchase a perfume.
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